Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 0 - 80 m (Ref. 8). , preferred 25°C (Ref. 107945); 39°N - 35°S, 37°E - 180°E
Indo-West Pacific: from Mozambique to Western Australia including Persian Gulf, Red Sea and Arabian Sea; then from North Korea down to Gulf of St. Vincent, South Australia.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 119750); 22 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 60.00 g (Ref. 116487)
Intertidal (Ref. 374) to subtidal (Ref. 106854). Juveniles are found on seagrass beds and mangroves higher in the shoreline (Ref. 106908). Inhabits open sea areas with sandy or muddy and sandy bottom (Ref. 374). Nocturnal (Refs. 10, 85270). Burrows on sand at daytime (Ref. 801).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Life cycle: pelagic larvae (four larval stages: nauplii, zoea, mysis and post-larvae) to inshore juvenile to offshore adult (Ref. 107331). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). The male transfers its spermatophore to the female's thelycum (Ref. 107331).
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Holthuis, L.B. 1980. (Ref. 8)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: landings | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 16.8 - 28.7, mean 26.7 (based on 1166 cells).
回復力
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.36-1.9).
Prior r = 1.12, 95% CL = 0.74 - 1.69, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
瀕危性
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
