Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 480 m (Ref. 4), usually 4 - 50 m (Ref. 4). Temperate, preferred 6°C (Ref. 107945); 54°N - 35°N, 78°W - 52°W (Ref. 4)
Northwest Atlantic and Western Atlantic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 8.8, range 7 - 9 cm Max length : 114 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 81053); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.7 kg (Ref. 81053)
Benthic in coastal and shelf waters (Ref. 106894). Possibly a selective feeder, preying mainly on crabs, echinoderms, mussels and polychaetes but also ingesting algae and seaweeds, with a complex foraging behavior and thus capable of maintaining gross diet composition despite of sharp variations in prey availability, seasonality and ontogenetic changes, e.g., molt- and size-related diet shifts (Ref. 33024). Migration does not occur, or only to a limited scale (Ref. 4).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
The females carry their eggs for 10 to 11 months, ovigerous females are found throughout the year (Ref. 4). 0.5 broods per year (Ref. 81148); 0.15 cm postlarval size (Ref. 81158); 1 month pelagic period (Ref. 81159).
rujukan utama
Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
status CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi
FAO - Perikanan: landings, profail spesis | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Alat, peralatan
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 2.7 - 15.4, mean 10.2 (based on 112 cells).
Daya lenting
Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.07-0.09; tm=5).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.71, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
keancaman
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
