Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
底中水層性; 深度上下限 20 - 4595 m (Ref. 81305). , preferred 20°C (Ref. 107945); 85°N - 6°S, 26°W - 158°E (Ref. 112293)
Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean and the Arctic: Congo Dem Rep to Gibraltar, Mediterranean, Spain to Iceland, to Russian Arctic up to Sakha Republic.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 23.2, range 20 - ? cm Max length : 75.0 cm ML 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3722); 最大體重: 2.2 kg (Ref. 120431); 最大年齡: 2.00 年 (Ref. 120431)
Common mantle length ranges between 25 and 35 cm (Ref. 3722). In the Mediterranean Sea no individual was caught in the hauls taken above a depth of 100 m (Ref. 81305). However, studies carried out in Norwegian waters indicated that it occurs in coastal and bank areas 80-200 m and even more superficially at 20-100 m (Ref.81307). It was also observed from the North Atlantic Ridge at a depth of 1947 m (Ref. 81308). Maximum depth from Ref. 1985. Demersal, neritic (Ref. 112172). Occurs from the surface to a depth of 2500 m (Ref. 2614). Juveniles feed mainly on fishes while adults consume crustaceans (Ref. 112351). Migrates to offshore waters during winter; spawning is thought to occur in the continental slope (Ref. 2614).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Schneider, W. 1990. (Ref. 417)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 May 2010
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: landings | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 2 - 14.3, mean 9.3 (based on 570 cells).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
瀕危性
Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
