Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 0 - 480 m (Ref. 4), usually 4 - 50 m (Ref. 4). , preferred 6°C (Ref. 107945); 54°N - 35°N, 78°W - 52°W (Ref. 4)
Northwest Atlantic and Western Atlantic.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 8.8, range 7 - 9 cm Max length : 114 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 81053); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4); 最大體重: 1.7 kg (Ref. 81053)
Benthic in coastal and shelf waters (Ref. 106894). Possibly a selective feeder, preying mainly on crabs, echinoderms, mussels and polychaetes but also ingesting algae and seaweeds, with a complex foraging behavior and thus capable of maintaining gross diet composition despite of sharp variations in prey availability, seasonality and ontogenetic changes, e.g., molt- and size-related diet shifts (Ref. 33024). Migration does not occur, or only to a limited scale (Ref. 4).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
The females carry their eggs for 10 to 11 months, ovigerous females are found throughout the year (Ref. 4). 0.5 broods per year (Ref. 81148); 0.15 cm postlarval size (Ref. 81158); 1 month pelagic period (Ref. 81159).
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 December 2009
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
FAO - 漁業: landings, 魚種描繪 | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 2.7 - 15.4, mean 10.2 (based on 112 cells).
回復力
低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.07-0.09; tm=5).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.71, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
瀕危性
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
