Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
Batidemersal. Temperate; 90°N - 0°S, 180°W - 180°E
Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, the Arctic and North America Inland Waters: Portugal, Iceland, Greenland, Canada Newfoundland, Spain, France, Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Russia, UK, USA, Canada, Mexico, Alaska, Japan, Kamchatka (Ref. 1394), Br Scotland, Madeira, British Columbia, Kuril Island, Sea of Okhotsk, Gulf of California, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea, Hudson Bay (Ref. 1522); Phoca vitulina vitulina: Portugal, UK, Iceland, Greenland, Br Scotland, Norway, Madeira, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea; Phoca vitulina concolor: Canada, Hudson Bay, USA, Greenland, Iceland; Phoca vitulina richardii: Mexico, Alaska, British Columbia, USA, Gulf of California; Phoca vitulina stejnegeri: Japan, Kamchatka, Alaska, Sea of Okhotsk, Kuril Island; Phoca vitulina mellonae: Hudson Bay, James Bay. Temperate to polar regions.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 190 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 1394); 170 cm TL (female); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 150.0 kg (Ref. 1394); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 150.0 kg
Found in coastal waters of the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 1394); and whelp in groups on beaches, sandbars, and rocky reefs (Ref. 1522). Feeds on a wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans of surface, mid-water and benthic habitats (Ref. 1394). It is preyed upon by the great white shark (Ref. 32140). Found in coastal waters of the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 1394); and whelp in groups on beaches, sandbars, and rocky reefs (Ref. 1522). Also for resting, moulting and lactation during low tides. Typically perform U-shaped dives. Leave the coast on foraging trips to deeper offshore waters where prey is abundant (Ref. 96347). Feeds on a wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans of surface, mid-water and benthic habitats (Ref. 1394).
rujukan utama
Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber. 1993. (Ref. 1394)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
status CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
FAO - Perikanan: landings, profail spesis | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Alat, peralatan
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 3.4 - 11.2, mean 8.7 (based on 1375 cells).
Daya lenting
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.09-0.4).
keancaman
High vulnerability (60 of 100).
kategori harga
Unknown.
