Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Others; depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref. 62202), usually 20 - 30 m (Ref. 62202). Polar; 83°N - 24°N, 85°W - 71°E (Ref. 124582)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Arctic, Northern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Boreal to polar.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 381.00 g (Ref. 356)

Short description Morphology

Culmen: 4.56 cm; tarsus: 2.88 cm; wing: 17.21 cm.

Total Length: 28 to 30 cm; Wingspan: 53 to 58 cm (Ref. 8812). Occupy the continental shelf; <100 km; exhibits plunge-diving feeding behavior (Ref. 356). In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species is known to feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus and breeding birds spend approx. 80% of daylight period at sea, commonly in dense rafts. They form nesting colonies with breeding pairs sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties; surface-feeding by scooping prey from the water, they carry prey in their bills and feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Barrett, R.T. and F. Rikardsen. 1992. (Ref. 4091)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Vulnerable (VU) (A4abcde); Date assessed: 07 August 2018

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

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Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items

Common names
Synonyms
Predators
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Morphology
Larvae
Abundance

References
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.5 - 11.8, mean 6.8 (based on 976 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=8.27-39.05).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus, 1758)