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Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson, 1831)
Double-crested cormorant
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Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS
Aves | Pelecaniformes | Phalacrocoracidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range Οικολογία
; Γλυκού νερού; Υφάλμυρο. Tropical
Distribution Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Εισαγωγές
Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. Tropical to boreal.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 90.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 94965); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 2.6 kg (Αναφ. 356)
Short description Μορφολογία
Goose-sized; black overall; long neck and tail; has webbed feet that connects its four toes, allowing it to cling to rocky cliffs and feed on shoaling fish (Ref. 94965).
A coastal species found <50 km offshore (Ref. 356). Nests in the interior of the North American continent and along the coast (Ref. 63805); on unvegetated, rocky outcroppings (Ref. 95237). Are common to abundant winter residents in freshwater and estuarine habitats in the state of Texas (Ref. 95239). Started to colonize the Great Lakes at the beginning of this century, on Lake Superior in 1913-20, and Lake Huron in 1932, returning each season and nesting from April until late September where they form dense colonies in trees or on the ground on small rocky islands. Lake Ontario supported 24% of the breeding population in 1991, and the largest colony of 5,428 nests on Little Galloo Island. Most begin to breed at 3 years of age (Ref. 95240). An opportunistic feeder (Ref. 95224). Exhibits plunge diving (Ref. 356). Generally preys on fish, often feeding in shallow waters (Ref. 95238). Feeds in river estuaries; on out-migrating juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Columbia Basin (Ref. 95220); on alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and southeastern catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Ref. 95237); on crayfish (Orconectes sp.) (Ref. 95238); on shad (Dorosoma spp.) and sunfishes (Lepomis spp.) (Ref. 60211); on striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) in Lavaca Bay; striped mullet and Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) in upper Laguna Madre; typically targetting benthic fish or small schooling fishes and forage species (Ref. 95239). Average flight speed recorded at 61 km/h. (Ref. 95241). Preyed on by the bald eagle, Haliateeus leucocephalus (Ref. 95220).
Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae
Main reference
Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες
Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (Αναφ. 7816)
IUCN Red List Status
(Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 August 2018
CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Αναφ. 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Εργαλεία
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
Τροφική Οικολογία
Οικολογία
Population dynamics
Life cycle
Αναπαραγωγή
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση
Γονιμότητα
Γεννοβολία
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση
Γονιμότητα
Γεννοβολία
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Distribution
Physiology
Κατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Human Related
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Αναφορές
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia (Go, αναζήτηση) | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref. 115969): 4.5 - 28.1, mean 12.2 (based on 1418 cells).
Ελαστικότητα
(Ref. 69278):
Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=9.28-23.13).