Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Others; freshwater; brackish. Tropical; 63°N - 33°S, 125°W - 54°E (Ref. 124582)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and the Arctic.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 24.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 65.00 g (Ref. 356)

Short description Morphology

Culmen: 2.74 cm; tarsus: 1.69 cm; wing: 21.35 cm.

Total Length: 22 to 24 cm; Wingspan: 66 cm (Ref. 8812, 84934). They disperse south to winter at sea on both coasts of South America and West Africa. Breeding occurs in Canada and North America, and in Europe from southern Scandinavia to Spain, eastwards across Europe and Asia to the Chinese border. Total population is approximately 500,000 pairs with majority in Russia and possibly 100,000 pairs in North America. Population decline is due to land reclamation for agriculture (Ref. 84934). Dipping; coastal; <4 km (Ref. 356). Found on beach, shoreline, nearshore and in islands (Ref. 116102). Black terns belong to the habitat category of nesting and foraging in inland habitats and come to the coasts during non-breeding season (Ref. 87784). It hawks for insects over land on mild, still days, but in cooler, windier weather they stay over the sea (Ref. 87787). Breeds colonially on well-vegetated inland lakes, marshes and peat bogs (Ref. 84934).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Stiles, F.G. 1984. (Ref. 5856)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 August 2018

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Human uses

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Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items

Common names
Synonyms
Predators
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Morphology
Larvae
Abundance

References
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus, 1758)