Cephalopoda |
Octopoda |
Eledonidae | Eledoninae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
Benthic; 深度上下限 8 - 496 m (參考文獻 114857). Subtropical; 46°N - 30°N, 10°W - 36°E (參考文獻 275)
Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean.
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 9.5, range 8 - 14 cm Max length : 19.4 cm ML 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 77087); 最大體重: 1.4 kg (參考文獻 77087)
Maximum total length is 74 cm (Ref. 77087). Minimum depth range from Ref. 77087. Widely distributed on the continental shelf (Ref. 106855). Prefers soft bottoms (Ref. 1976) over Posidonia sp. beds (Ref. 77087). Also found on muddy bottoms. Active and opportunistic predator (Ref. 105095). Mainly consumes crustaceans, fish and cephalopods. Exhibits cannibalism occasionally and at larger sizes (Ref. 105096).
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 3. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(3):277p. Rome: FAO. (參考文獻 275)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 July 2014
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource |
工具
網路資源
基於模型的估計
Rate of population increase
|
Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.81, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
釣魚的脆弱性
(參考文獻 71543) |
Low vulnerability (10 of 100). |
價格種類
(參考文獻 80766): |
Medium. |
