Ascidiacea |
Aplousobranchia |
Holozoidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Sessile; depth range 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 3435). Temperate
Southwest Atlantic, Indo-Pacific and the Antarctic: From Antarctica to sub-Antarctic and Macquarie Islands, Australia, New Zealand and South America. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Heads of colonies found floating in tropical plankton (Ref. 1134); on soft bottom (Ref. 1753), sand, stone, mud and frequently under rocks on steep walls (Ref. 87801) at depths of 0 to 1000 m (Ref. 3435).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.
Kott, P. 2005. (Ref. 1134)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.7 - 11.9, mean 5.4 (based on 446 cells).
Price category
Unknown.