Gastropoda |
Littorinimorpha |
Tonnidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Reef-associated; depth range 0 - 2359 m (Ref. 109264). Tropical, preferred 25°C (Ref. 107945); 35°N - 38°S, 97°E - 0°E (Ref. 83435)
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 18.0 cm DL male/unsexed; (Ref. 83435)
This species is found on offshore coral reefs, cienaga facies, bays and coves, particularly on holothurians, rock, sand and shell habitats (Ref. 83934).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
The species displays poecilogonony as its reproductive strategy.
Allen, G.R. and S.A. McKenna. 2001. (Ref. 75725)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
| FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 4.7 - 13.9, mean 7.6 (based on 862 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.