Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others. Tropical
Eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 41.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 190.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 5.93 cm; tarsus: 2.43 cm; wing: 27.09 cm.
Total Length: 35 to 41 cm; Wingspan: 76 to 81 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal (Ref. 356), found in the beach, shoreline, nearshore and islands (Ref. 116102). Nests in marshes; changes nesting site yearly. Piscivorous (Ref. 87786). Displays dipping behavior (Ref. 356). Embryonic deaths, subcutaneous and pericardial edema, growth disruption, liver damage, and unsuccessful breeding and development linked to exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in the Great Lakes (Ref. 87784).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
SAUP Database. 2006. (Ref. 356)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.1 - 28.1, mean 27.1 (based on 746 cells).
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.