| Main Ref. | King, P.E., 1973 |
| Mode | |
| Fertilization | |
| Spawning Frequency | |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild | |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Life Cycle: Each ball of eggs which male carries represents the entire brood of one female and some males have been observed carrying fourteen balls of eggs (Ref. 12). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |