| Main Ref. | Cain, T.D., 1975 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Spawning Frequency | no obvious seasonal peak |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild |
nonguarders Open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam (Ref. 833). Spawning is continuous throughout the year (Ref. 104339). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |