| Main Ref. | Williams, A.B., 1984 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | |
| Spawning Frequency | variable throughout range |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild |
bearers External brooders |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Life cycle: It undergoes four (4) zoeal stages and one (1) megalopa before turning into adult (Refs. 79470, 109437, 109442, 109461). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). Spawning occurs from July to August in northern latitudes, April to September in mid latitudes, and April to November in southern latitudes (Ref. 109493). Females burrow in the sand to lay eggs prior to copulation, brooding takes 15-19 days (Ref. 109502). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |