| Main Ref. | Kennedy, M.K., L. Van Guelpen, G. Pohle and L. Bajona (eds.), 2010 |
| Mode | |
| Fertilization | |
| Spawning Frequency | |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild | |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Vegetative reproduction is rare; asexual reproduction is effected by the formation of various kinds of spores; sexual reproduction is unique in this group due to their passive, non flagellated sperm cells (spermatia) (Ref. 87872). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |