| Main Ref. | Bielsa, L.M., W.H. Murdich and R.F. Labisky, 1983 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | |
| Spawning Frequency | |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild |
nonguarders Open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Life cycle: Larvae undergo 5 naupliar stages, 3 protozeal stages and 2 to 5 mysis stages (Ref. 108811). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). Spawns throughout the year (Ref. 108797). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |