| Main Ref. | Richmond, R.H. and C.L. Hunter, 1990 |
| Mode | |
| Fertilization | in brood pouch or similar structure |
| Spawning Frequency | |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild |
bearers External brooders |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Hermaphroditic (Ref. 113712). Mature gametes are shed into the coelenteron and spawned through the mouth. Life cycle: The zygote develops into a planktonic planula larva. Metamorphosis begins with early morphogenesis of tentacles, septa and pharynx before larval settlement on the aboral end (Ref. 833). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |