| Main Ref. | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 |
| Mode | |
| Fertilization | external |
| Spawning Frequency | |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild |
nonguarders Open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |