| Main Ref. | Cruz, S.M., M. Hooten, K.P. Huyvaert, C.B. Proaño, D.J. Anderson, V. Afanasyev and M. Wikelski, 2013 |
| Mode | |
| Fertilization | |
| Spawning Frequency | |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild | |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Breeding is asynchronous, with breeding periods of different birds overlap to varying degrees. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |