References Used for Holothuria difficilis
n = 20
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Reference no. Description year Name used Page
122652 State of hawaii 1978 Field keys to common Hawaiian marine animals and plants. State of Hawaii, 78 p. 1978 Holothuria difficilis -->
90809 Lawrence, J.M. and A. Guille 1982 Organic composition of tropical, polar and temperate water echinoderms. Compendium of Biochemistry and Physiology 72B:283-287. 1982 Holothuria difficilis -->
82703 DiSalvo, L.H., J.E. Randall and A. Cea 1988 Ecological reconnaissance of the Easter Island sublittoral marine environment. National Geographic Research 4(4):451-473. 1988 Holothuria difficilis 460
87866 Paulay, G. 1989 Marine invertebrates of the Pitcairn Islands: species composition and biogeography of corals, molluscs, and echinoderms. Atoll Research Bulletin 326:1-28. 1989 Holothuria difficilis 27
94138 Osorio, C. and V. Cantuarias 1989 Vertical distribution of mollusks on the rocky intertidal of Easter Island. Pacific Science 3(4):302-315. 1989 Holothuria difficilis 308
722 Chao, S.-M., C.-P. Chen and P.S. Alexander 1995 Reproductive cycles of tropical sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in southern Taiwan. Mar. Biol. 122(2):289-295. 1995 Holothuria difficilis 290;fig.1
85013 Massin, C. 1996 The holothurians of Easter Island. Bull. KBIN 66:151-178. 1996 Holothuria difficilis 155
81020 Lane, D.J.W., L.M. Marsh, VandenSpiegel and F.W.E. Rowe 2000 Echinoderm fauna of the South China Sea: an inventory and analysis of distribution patterns. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (Suppl. 8):459-493. 2000 Holothuria difficilis 470-493
90219 Boyko, C.B. 2003 The endemic marine invertebrates of Easter Island: how many species and for how long? In p. 155-175 Loret, J.; Tanacredi, J.T. (eds). 2003. Easter Island Scientific Exploration into the World's Environmental Problems in Microcosm. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. 240p. 2003 Holothuria difficilis 162
833 Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes 2004 Invertebrate Zoology. A functional evolutionary approach. 7th Ed. Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning learning, Inc. 990 p. 2004 Holothuria difficilis -->
83942 Alvarado, J.J. and J. Cortés 2009 Echinoderms. pp. 421-434. In I.S. Wehrtmann, J. Cortés (eds.) Marine biodiversity of Costa Rica, Central America. Springer 538 p. 2009 Holothuria difficilis SPL 36.2
99814 Lee, J., S. Uthicke and M. Byrne 2009 Asexual reproduction and observations of sexual reproduction in the aspidochirotid sea cucumber Holothuria difficilis. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 53(2):87-92. 2009 Holothuria difficilis -->
122584 Claereboudt, M.R. and K.M. Al-Rashdi 2011 Shallow-water sea cucumber inventory in the Sultanate of Oman. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin 31:25-29. 2011 Holothuria difficilis 27:tab.1
92903 Reef Life Survey 2012 Reef Life Survey. http://reeflifesurvey.com/ 2012 Holothuria difficilis -->
103126 Koror Republic of Palau. 2012 The Rock Islands Southern Lagoon. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaupanfund.org%2Fpdf%2Fmanagementplan%2Fkoror%2FRock%2520Islands%2520Southern%2520Lagoon%2520Area%2520Management%2520Plan%25202012-2016%2520latest%2520July%252018.pdf&ei=HKOcVZ6LMNjr8AXEuKzwCA&usg=AFQjCNFN07tAwxC1s67J47zoXSQImcfNmg&sig2=z7WLKekW7DHqs_11pn39ZA&bvm=bv.96952980,d.dGc [Accessed 08/07/2015]. 2012 Holothuria difficilis -->
106682 Duffy, C.A.J. and S.T. Ahyong 2015 Annotated checklist of the marine flora and fauna of the Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve and northern Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand. Bulletin of the Auckland Museum 20:19-124. 2015 Holothuria difficilis 103
121571 Tirado-Sanchez, N., A. Chiriboga, D. Ruiz and S. Banks 2016 CDF Checklist of Galapagos echinoderms - FCD Lista de especies de Equinodermos Galápagos. In Bungartz, F.; Herrera, H.; Jaramillo, P.; Tirado, N.; Jiménez-Uzcátegui, G.; Ruiz, D.; Guézou, A.; Ziemmeck, F. (eds) Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galápagos de la Fundación Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundación Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos. 2016 Holothuria difficilis -->
129602 Claereboudt, M.R. 2019 Shallow water echinoderms of the Sultanate of Oman. Al Anan Printing Press: Muscat, Oman. 205p. 2019 Holothuria difficilis 100
127697 IUCN 2022 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. . Downloaded 15 September 2022. 2022 Holothuria difficilis -->
128533 Claereboudt, M.R. and K.M. Alrashdi 2022 Echinoderm diversity in the Arabian Sea and the Sea of Oman. Biodiversity Journal 13(1):65-71. 2022 Holothuria difficilis 68
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