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References used for species in the Family Spheniscidae
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RefNo
 Description
Adams, N.J., C. Moloney and R. Navarro, 1993 Estimated food consumption by penguins at the Prince Edward Islands. Antarc. Sci. 5(3):245-252.
Ainley, D.G. and R.P. Schlatter, 1972 Chick raising ability in Adélie penguins. The Auk 89:559-566.
Ainley, D.G., P.R. Wilson, K.J. Barton, G. Ballard, N. Nur and B. Karl, 1998 Diet and foraging effort of Adelie penguins in relation to pack-ice conditions in the southern Ross Sea. Polar Biol. 20:311-319.
Araya, B. and M. Guillermo, 1977 Aves de las islas oceanicas Chilenas. pp. 255-259 In Duco, G.E.; Espina, P.A. 1977. Islas oceánicas de Chile. Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile, 666p.
Barlow, K.E. and J.P. Croxall, 2002 Seasonal and interannual variation in foraging range and habitat of macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus at South Georgia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 232:291-304.
Barlow, K.E. and J.P. Croxall, 2002 Provisioning behaviour of Macaroni Penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus. Ibis, 144:248-258.
Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer, 1999 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. Rome, FAO. 265 p., 11 plates.
Bisby, F.A., M.A. Ruggiero, K.L. Wilson, M. Cachuela-Palacio, S.W. Kimani, Y.R. Roskov, A. Soulier-Perkins and J. van Hertum, 2005 Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2005 Annual Checklist. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Bost, C.A., C. Cotté, F. Bailleul, Y. Cherel, J.B. Charrassin, C. Guinet, D.G. Ainley and H. Weimerskirch, 2009 The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans. Journal of Marine Systems 78:363-376.
Bost, C.A., P. Koubbi, F. Genecois, L. Ruchon and V. Ridoux, 1994 Gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua diet as an indicator of planktonic availability in the Kerguelen Islands. Polar Biol. 14:147-153.
Brown, C.R., 1987 Energy requirements for growth and maintenance in Macaroni and Rockhopper Penguins. Polar Biol. 8:95-102.
Cannell, B.L., K. Campbell, L. Fitzgerald, J.A. Lewis, I.J. Baran and N.S. Stephens, 2016 Anthropogenic trauma is the most prevalent cause of mortality in little penguins, Eudyptula minor, in Perth, Western Australia. Emu 116:52-61.
Cannell, B.L., L.E. Chambers, R.D. Wooller and J.S. Bradley, 2012 Poorer breeding by little penguins near Perth, Western Australia is correlated with above average sea surface temperatures and a stronger Leeuwin Current. Marine and Freshwater Research 63:914-925.
Cherel, Y., C.-A. Bost, C. Guinet and H. Weimerskirch, 2005 Feeding habits of seabirds and marine mammals of the Kerguelen Archipelago. pp. 31-36 In Palomares, M.L.D., Pruvost, P., Pitcher, T.J., Pauly, D. (eds.) Modeling Antarctic marine ecosystems. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 13(7). Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Cherel, Y., J.-C. Stahl and Y. Le Maho, 1987 Ecology and physiology of fasting in King Penguin chicks. The Auk 104:254-262.
Cherel, Y., S. Ducatez, C. Fontaine, P. Richard and C. Guinet, 2008 Stable isotopes reveal the trophic position and mesopelagic fish diet of female southern elephant seals breeding on the Kerguelen Islands. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 370:239-247.
Chérel, Y., V. Ridoux and P.G. Rodhouse, 1996 Fish and squid in the diet of king penguin chicks, Aptenodytes patagonicus, during winter at sub-antarctic Crozet Islands. Mar. Biol.
Cherel, Y., V. Ridoux and P.G. Rodhouse, 1996 Fish and squid in the diet of king penguin chicks, Aptenodytes patagonicus, during winter at sub-antarctic Crozet Islands. Marine Biology 126: 559-570.
CITES, 2009 Appendices I, II and III valid from 22 May 2009. UNEP.
CITES, 2010 Appendices I, II and III valid from 23 June 2010. UNEP.
CITES, 2011 Appendices I, II and III valid from 27 April 2011. UNEP.
CITES, 2012 Appendices I, II and III valid from 3 April 2012. UNEP.
CITES, 2013 Appendices I, II and III valid from 12 June 2013. UNEP.
CITES, 2014 Appendices I, II and III valid from 24 June 2014. UNEP.
CITES, 2023 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP.
CITES and UNEP-WCMC, 2015 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 05 February 2015. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Http://checklist.cites.org. [Accessed 04/11/2015].
CITES, UNEP-WCMC, 2016 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 10 March 2016. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 23/06/2016].
CITES, UNEP-WCMC, 2017 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 October 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 08/17/2017].
CITES, UNEP-WCMC, 2021 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 14 February 2021. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 16 February 2021].
CITES, UNEP-WCMC, 2022 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 22 June 2022. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 08/09/2022].
Clarke, J., B. Manly, K. Kerry, H. Gardner, E. Franchi, S. Corsolini and S. Focardi, 1998 Sex differences in Adelie penguin foraging strategies. Polar Biol. 20:248-258.
Collins, M.A. and R. Villanueva, 2006 Taxonomy, ecology and behaviour of the cirrate octopods. Oceanography and Marine Biology an Annual Review 44:277-322.
Cooper, J., 1977 Energetic requirements for growth of the Jackass Penguin. Zoologica Africana 12(1):201-213.
Coria, N.R. and D. Montalti, 2000 A newly discovered breeding colony of Emperor Penguins Aptenodytes forsteri. Marine Ornithology 28:119-120.
Coria, N.R., H. Spairani, S. Vivequin and R. Fontana, 1995 Diet of Adelie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae during the post-hatching period at Esperanza Bay, Antarctica, 1987/88. Polar Biol. 15:415-418.
Coria, N.R., R. Fontana, S. Vivequin and H. Spairani, 1995 Diet of Adelie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae during the post-hatching period at Stranger Point, King George Island, South Shetland Island, Antarctica. Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino 13(2):377-383.
Croll, D.A., D.A. Demer, R.P. Hewitt, J.K. Jansen, M.E. Goebel and B.R. Tershy, 2006 Effects of variability in prey abundance on reproduction and foraging in Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica). Zool., Lond 269, 506-513.
de Margerie, E., J.-P. Robin, D. Verrier, J. Cubo, R. Groscolas and J. Castanet, 2004 Assessing a relationship between bone microstructure and growth rate: a fluorescent labelling study in the King penguin chick (Aptenodytes patagonicus). J. Exp. Biol. 207, 869-879.
Emison, W.B., 1968 Feeding preferences of the Adelie Penguin at Cape Crozier, Ross Island. In Austin, O.L. Jr (ed.), Antarctic Bird Studies. Antarctic Research Series, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., USA 12:191-212.
Endo, Y., H. Asari, Y. Watanuki, A. Kato, M. Kuroki and J. Nishikawa, 2002 Biological characteristics of euphausiids preyed upon by Adelie penguins in relation to sea-ice conditions in Lutzow-Holm Bay, Antarctica. Polar Biol. 25(12):730-738.
Enticott, J. and D. Tipling, 1997 Seabirds of the World: the complete reference. Singapore: New Holland (Publishers) Ltd. 234 p.
FAO-FIES, 2022 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017).
Frere, E., P. Gandini and A.D. Boersma, 1998 The breeding ecology of Magellanic Penguins at Cabo Virgenes Argentina: what factors determine reproductive success?. Colonial Waterbirds 21(2):205-210.
Furness, R.W., 1978 Energy requirements of seabird communities: a bioenergetics model. Journal of Animal Ecology 47:39-53.
Gales, R.P., 1987 Growth strategies in Blue Penguins Eudyptula minor minor. Emu, 87:212-219.
Gauthier-Clerc, M., Y. Le Maho, Y. Clerquin, C-A. Bost and Y. Handrich, 2002 Seabird reproduction in an unpredictable environment: how king penguins provide their young chicks with food. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 237:291-300.
Green, K. and G.W. Johnstone, 1988 Changes in the diet of Adelie Penguins breeding in East Antarctica. Australian Wildlife Research 15(2):103-110.
Gutt, J., I. Barratt, E. Domack, C. d'Udekem d'Acoz, W. Dimmler, A. Gremare, O. Heilmayer, E. Isla, D. Janussen, E. Jorgensen, K.H. Kock, L.S. Lehnert, P. Lopez-Gonzales, S. Langner, K. Linse, M.E. Manjon-Cabeza and M. Meißner, 2011 Biodiversity change after climate-induced ice-shelf collapse in the Antarctic. Deep Sea Research Part II 58:74-83.
Haimovici, M., N.E. Brunetti, P.G. Rodhouse, J. Csirke and R.H. Leta, 1998 Chapter 3: Illex argentinus. pp. 376:27-58. In P.G. Rodhouse, E.G. Dawe and R.K. O'Dor (eds.) FAO Fisheries Technical Paper: Squid recruitment dynamics. The genus Illex as a model, the commercial Illex species and influences on variability.
Harrison, P., 1983 Seabirds an identification guide. Houton Muffin Company 488pp. 1600 painted in full color 324 distribution maps.
Harrison, P., 1987 Seabirds of the world: a photographic guide. Christopher Helm, Hong Kong, 317p.
Hodgson, A., 1975 Some aspects of the ecology of the Fairy Penguin Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae (Forster) in Southern Tasmania. PhD Thesis, University of Tasmania.
Holdgate, M.W. and P.E. Baker, 1979 The South Sandwich Islands: I. General description. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports 91:1-76.
Hull, C.L., M. Hindell, K. Le Mar, P. Scofield, J. Wilson and M.-A. Lea, 2004 The breeding biology and factors affecting reproductive success in rockhopper penguins Eudyptes chrysocome at Macquarie Island. Polar Biol. 27:711-720.
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Jablonski, B., 1985 The diet of penguins on King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 29(8):117-186.
Jackson, G.D., J.F. McKinnon, C. Lalas, R. Ardern and N.G. Buxton, 1998 Food spectrum of the deepwater squid Moroteuthis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) in New Zealand waters. Polar Biol. 20:56-65.
Janes, D.N., 1997 Energetics, growth, and body composition of Adélie penguin chicks, Pygoscelis adeliae. Physiological Zoology 70:237-243.
Jarman, S.N., J.C. McInnes, C. Faux, A.M. Polanowski, J. Marthick, B.E. Deagle, C. Southwell and L. Emmerson, 2013 Adélie penguin population diet monitoring by analysis of food DNA in scats. PloS ONE 8(12):e82227.
Jones, G., 1978 The Little Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor) on Tiritiri Matangi Island. MSc Thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Karpouzi, V., 2012 Seabird growth parameters based on wing length, culmen length, bill length and tarsus length. Personal communication, 20 January 2012. Provided excel file.
Karpouzi, V.S., 2005 Modelling and mapping trophic overlap between fisheries and the world's seabirds. MSc thesis, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Karpouzi, V.S. and D. Pauly, 2008 Life-history patterns in marine birds. In Palomares, M.L.D., Pauly, D. (Eds.), Von Bertalanffy Growth Parameters of Non-fish Marine Organisms. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 16(10). Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia [ISSN 1198-6727], pp. 27-53.
Kato, A., Y. Watanuki and Y. Naito, 2003 Annual and seasonal changes in foraging site and diving behavior in Adelie penguins. Polar Biol. 26(6):389-395.
Kent, S., J. Seddon, G. Robertson and B.C. Wienecke, 1998 Diet of Adelie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae at Shirley Island, East Antarctica, January 1992. Marine Ornithology 26(2):7-10.
Kinsky, F.C., 1960 The yearly cycle of the Northern Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae) in the Wellington harbour area. Rec. Dom. Mus. Wellington, 3:145-218.
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Lescroël, A. and C.-A. Bost, 2006 Recent decrease in gentoo penguin populations at Iles Kerguelen. Antarc. Sci. 18:171-174.
Lescroël, A., C. Bajzack and C.-A. Bost, 2009 Breeding ecology of the gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua at Kerguelen Archipelago. Polar Biol. 32:1495-1505.
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Lishman, G.S., 1985 The food and feeding ecology of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) and Chinstrap penguins (P. antarctica) at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Journal of Zoology London 205:245-263.
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