| Family: |
Laridae () |
| Max. size: |
39 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 144.0 g |
| Environment: |
others; marine |
| Distribution: |
Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. |
| Diagnosis: |
Culmen: 3.72 cm; tarsus: 2.5 cm; wing: 23.5 cm. |
| Biology: |
Total Length: 35 to 39 cm; Wingspan: 66 (Ref. 8812) to 76 cm (Refs. 84934, 91362). Total population is over 200,000 pairs (Ref. 84934). Coastal to <10 km offshore (Ref. 356). Found on coastal rock, and over sea (Ref. 83946). Breeds annually in dense colonies, preferably in bushes and trees in Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Ref. 84934). They are double-brooded. When there is danger, alarm calls are given by adults and chicks respond by crouching in place (Ref. 87784). Highly pelagic. Typically feeds far out at sea in large, gregarious flocks over shoals of predatory fish (Ref. 91362). Exhibits dipping and surface-seizing foraging behavior (Ref. 356). Feed mainly by dipping, hovering and picking from or just below the surface of the water. Also, shallow-plunging (Ref. 126735). |
| IUCN Red List Status: |
(LC); Date assessed: 09 December 2019 Ref. 123251)
|
| Threat to humans: |
|
| Country info: |
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