| Main Ref. | Tan, K.S., 2000 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Rapa whelks are generally encountered in areas to depths of 30 m in the Black Sea; on sandy bottoms at 15 m covered by Zostera sp. and Cymodocea nodosa meadows (Ref. 7956). Also occurs in rocky and muddy habitat (Ref. 87909). Feeds on bivalves (Ref. 87979). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Culha, M., 2004 |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Butakov, E.A., V.D. Chuhchin, M.B. Cherkasova and S.G. Lelekov, 1997 |
| Ref. | Harding, J.M., R. Mann, P. Moeller and M.S. Hsia, 2009 |
|---|---|
| Associations | parasitism; |
| Associated with | Alexandrium molinatum, a dinoflagellate, affects the muscle that results in paralysis and then death (Ref. 87963). |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Savini, D. and A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi, 2005 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Savini, D. and A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi, 2005 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.10 | 0.30 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||