Main Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Remarks | Found out of the water, on rocks in the splash zone (Refs. 343, 127957) and in the infratidal zone (Ref. 3565). Intertidal on rocky shores and reef tops exposed to wave action (Ref. 801), and mudflats (Ref. 128960). Restricted to offshore islands. Key species for healthy exposed rocky shores (Ref. 801). Herbi-/omnivorous (Refs. 127957, 128960). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Fishelson, L., 1971 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz, 1997 |
Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Kennish, R., G.A. Williams and S.Y. Lee, 1996 |
Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. | Kennish, R., G.A. Williams and S.Y. Lee, 1996 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.00 | 0.00 | Trophic level and s.e. inferred from exclusive plant/detritus food items. | ||
Ref. |