Ecology Summary - Xenoturbella bocki

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Ecology of Xenoturbella bocki

Main Ref.	Israelsson, O., 1999
Remarks	Prefers soft to very soft mud rich in organic materials with some silt (Ref. 85768). Preys on nuculid bivalves, possibly feeding on dead or decaying molluscs, or live molluscan egg masses, sperm, larvae or slime (Ref. 96399).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Xenoturbella bocki may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand ( coarse, ); silt; mud;
Substrate Ref.	Israelsson, O., 1999
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Bourlat, S.J., H. Nakano, M. Åkerman, M.J. Telford, M.C. Thorndyke and M. Obst, 2008
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Bourlat, S.J., H. Nakano, M. Åkerman, M.J. Telford, M.C. Thorndyke and M. Obst, 2008

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.23	0.17			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.