Main Ref. | Rice, D.W., 1998 |
---|---|
Remarks | Coastal and immediate offshore waters (Ref. 1522). Non-migratory but may disperse considerably from breeding sites. Appears to feed along the continental shelf and break (Ref. 80660). Found from the coast to the outer continental shelf; they frequent deep oceanic waters in some parts of the range. Feeds on many varieties of fish and squid, prefers bottom species; feeding occurs at night (Ref. 1394). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Rice, D.W., 1998 |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Sinclair, E.H., W.A. Walker and P.J. Gearin, 2018 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Sinclair, E.H., W.A. Walker and P.J. Gearin, 2018 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.26 | 0.74 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 4.38 | 0.85 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Gaichas, S.K., 2006 |