Main Ref. | Jagerskiold, L.A., 1971 |
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Remarks | Attached to hard substrata; mainly in shallow water but occasionally to depths of several hundred meters (Ref. 1603). Common encrusting form in shallow subtidal waters on hard surfaces, and covers algae (Ref. 7726). Trophic level: 1.4-1.8; filter-feeder (Ref. 96418). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Harvey-Clark, C., 1997 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; Other habitats: boat hulls; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Jagerskiold, L.A., 1971 |
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Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Schaal, G., P. Riera and C. Leroux, 2010 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. | Schaal, G., P. Riera and C. Leroux, 2010 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |