Ecology Summary - Pilumnus vespertilio

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Ecology of Pilumnus vespertilio

Main Ref.	Gibbs, P.E., 1978
Remarks	Intertidal to subtidal (Ref. 106854). Lower eulittoral, on rocks and crevices (Ref. 107316).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Pilumnus vespertilio may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Clark, P.F. and J. Paula, 2003
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.	Litulo, C., 2005

Associations

Ref.	Gibbs, P.E., 1978
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref.	Kyomo, J., 1999
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	George, D., 2005

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	2.29	0.05			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.