Ecology Summary - Parapenaeus longirostris

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Ecology of Parapenaeus longirostris

Main Ref.	Holthuis, L.B., 1980
Remarks	Prefers mud or muddy sand substrates (Ref. 8). Juveniles settle at around 100 m, though can be detected up to 300 m, while larger individuals are always found deeper than 350 m (Ref. 80253). Feeds on benthic organisms (clams, mysids and small crangonids; Ref. 434). Also occurs in pelagic depths between 100 to 200 m (Ref. 92299). Opportunistic predator (Ref. 112170).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Parapenaeus longirostris may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; demersal; Pelagic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud;
Substrate Ref.	Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer, 1999
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Holthuis, L.B., 1980
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.), 1981
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Mori, M., P. Sartor and F. Biagi, 2000

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition					clams, mysids, crangonids
From individual food items	3.68	0.53			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.), 1981