| Remarks |
Euryhaline (Ref. 115548). Catadromous (Ref. 115520, 115522), spending most of its life growing to maturity in freshwater (Ref. 115522). Found in coastal rivers and estuaries. It needs brackish or saltwater to reproduce (Ref. 8778). Downstream migration of adults occurs worldwide (Ref. 115548). From sublittoral sediment and surface running water (Ref. 104191). Adults are found in fresh, brackish and salt waters; oviparous females are typically in greatest number in saltwater (Ref. 115548). Has high affinity to burrow. Juveniles are known to form burrows in soft-sediment banks between high and low tide lines upon migration into brackish channels and creeks. In general, small juveniles construct and inhabit these burrows (Ref. 104191). Larger crabs occasionally burrow in softer substrate of freshwater stream banks. When abundance increases, burrows can become very dense, causing bank weakening, erosion, loss of bank vegetation, and bank collapse (Ref. 115547). In Germany, burrows reached 50 cm deep, which caused considerable damage (Ref. 115521). Predominantly omnivorous; however, it exhibits plasticity in its diet (i.e., feeding habits may shift throughout the cycle). Likely to scavenge and feed on detritus (Ref. 104191). Larvae feed on phytoplankton; newly settled juveniles feed on aquatic plants (Ref. 115548). Shifts to a more carnivorous diet as it ages, eating shrimp and other benthic invertebrates. Also reported to feed on fish captured in fishing nets (Ref. 104191). Opportunistic feeder (Ref. 115548). Feeds on periphytic algae, terrestrial plants, detritus, sand, copepods and chironomid larvae (Ref. 107018). Carries a lung fluke trematode parasite Paragonimus westermani that infects humans (Ref. 115522). |