Main Ref. | Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.), 1981 |
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Remarks | Benthic adults inhabiting mud or muddy sand bottoms, often near rocky areas of the continental slope (Ref. 343). Also found in submarine caves (Ref. 102668). Occurs at depths of 10 to 900 m, common between 200 and 400 m. Pelagic juveniles (Ref. 343). Has a diversified diet. Mainly a predator of benthic species; may be an occasional scavenger (Ref. 102668). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.), 1981 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Kitsos, M.S., T. Tzomos, L. Anagnostopoulou and A. Koukouras, 2008 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.35 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |