Ecology Summary - Podiceps cristatus

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Ecology of Podiceps cristatus

Main Ref.	van der Have, T.M., G.O. Keijl, J. Mansoori and V.V. Morozov, 2002
Remarks	Non-breeding species move to sheltered coastal inshore waters less than 10 m in depth such as brackish estuaries, deltas, tidal channels and tidal lagoons (Ref. 107889).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Podiceps cristatus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Birdlife International, 2016
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Birdlife International, 2016

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.82	0.51			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.