Ecology Summary - Gonionemus vertens

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Ecology of Gonionemus vertens

Main Ref.	Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003
Remarks	Form circalittoral rocks and other hard substrata (Ref. 1314). Medusae in the Russian Far-east are extremely venomous compared to those from the northwest Pacific; in the west coast, they are found in summer attached to eel grass Ulva sp. or laminarian algae; feed on copepods (Ref. 2376).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Gonionemus vertens may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: sessile; Pelagic; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats	Beds: algae/seaweed; Other habitats: other invertebrates (Attached to eelgrass, Ulva or laminarian algae (Ref. 2376).);
Special habitats Ref.	Wrobel, D. and C.E. Mills, 1998

Associations

Ref.	Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition					Copepods
From individual food items	3.00	0.00			Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item
Ref.	Wrobel, D. and C.E. Mills, 1998