Main Ref. | Gaydos, J.K. and S.F. Pearson, 2011 |
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Remarks | Found on beach, shoreline, bay and nearshore (Ref. 116102). Feeds in unvegetated and gently sloped lake shoreline, in shallow water, and in marshes; in humid to dry sub-humid climate; in moderately saline waters typical of North American prairie marshes. Feed mostly on invertebrates; mostly chironomid larvae. (Ref. 95161). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Alexander, S.A., K.A. Hobson, C.L. Gratto-Trevor and A.W. Diamond, 1996 |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.20 | 0.40 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |