Ecology Summary - Funchalia villosa

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Ecology of Funchalia villosa

Main Ref.	Williams, A.B., L.G. Abele, D.L. Felder, H.H. Hobbs Jr., R.B. Manning, P.A. McLaughlin and I. Pérez Farfante, 1988
Remarks	Undergoes diel vertical migration; occurs in the epipelagic zone at night (Ref. 97393). Found at depths between 300 to 550 meters during the day (Ref. 96715). Largely piscivorous (Ref. 97393).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Funchalia villosa may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Pelagic;
Substrate Ref.	Poupin, J., 1998
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Hopkins, T.L., M.E. Flock, J.V. Gartner and J.J. Torres, 1994
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	3.87	0.63			Troph of juv./adults.
From individual food items	3.43	0.33			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Hopkins, T.L., M.E. Flock, J.V. Gartner and J.J. Torres, 1994