อ้างอิงหลัก | Holthuis, L.B., 1980 |
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ข้อสังเกต | Lives on bottom mud (Ref. 8); also on sandy bottoms. Moves to midwater at night (Ref. 409). Carnivorous, feeds mainly on euphausiids and other species of crustaceans, i.e., mainly Natantia sp. (Ref. 434). Has a highly diversified diet (Refs. 97770, 105137), preying on pelagic, benthic and benthopelagic organisms (Ref. 105137); mainly forages on crustaceans and fish. Also scavenges upon carcasses of fish and cephalopods on the bottom (Ref. 97770). Exhibits cannibalism. Values of δ15N ranges from 6.68 and 7.96 in females, and 7.05 and 8.26 in males, with females having higher δ15N with increasing size (Ref. 105135). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Pelagic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1980 |
Special habitats | Other habitats: seamounts; |
Special habitats Ref. | Parin, N.V., A.N. Mironov and K.N. Nesis, 1997 |
อ้างอิง | Holthuis, L.B., 1980 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
วิธีการให้อาหาร | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.), 1981 |
นิสัยในการกินอาหาร | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Bello, G. and C. Pipitone, 2002 |
Estimation method | ตัวอย่างดั้งเดิม | ประชากรที่ยังไม่มีการทำการประมง | ข้อสังเกต | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
จากส่วนประกอบของอาหาร | 3.80 | 0.59 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
จากรายการอาหารของสัตว์แต่ละชนิด | 3.77 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
อ้างอิง | Bayhan, K.Y., J.E. Cartes and E. Fanelli, 2015 |