Thông tin chủ yếu | Enticott, J. and D. Tipling, 1997 |
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Các chú thích | Found nearshore to <100 km offshore (Ref. 356). Breeds aseasonally and colonially on cliffs, flat beaches, bare ground, and in bushes and trees on tropical and subtropical islands (Ref. 84934, 87784). Double-brooded (Ref. 84934). Highly pelagic and gregarious. Typically in large feeding flocks far out at sea over shoals of predatory fish (Ref. 91362). Foraging behavior includes dipping and snatching food from the sea surface (Refs. 356, 84934, 87784) rarely plunge-diving or settling on water (Ref. 84934, 87784, 91362). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Tài liệu tham khảo | Harrison, P., 1987 |
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Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Colonial breeder. |
Parasitism |
Dạng thức ăn | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Enticott, J. and D. Tipling, 1997 |
Nơi ăn mồi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Enticott, J. and D. Tipling, 1997 |
Estimation method | Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc) | Chủng quần không được khai thác | Chú thích | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng | |||||
Từ các loại thức ăn | 4.50 | 1.05 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Tài liệu tham khảo |