Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
ชื่อสามัญ | ชื่อพ้อง | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
; ระดับความลึก 385 - 395 m (Ref. 97142). Tropical; 55°N - 34°S, 170°W - 142°E (Ref. 275)
Circumglobal, mainly found in tropical and subtropical waters but is also found in boreal and notalian waters (Ref. 7575).
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 170 cm ML เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 97142); น้ำหนักสูงสุดที่มีการรายงาน: 64.4 kg (Ref. 97142)
Oceanic (Refs. 1983, 97142). Mesopelagic (Ref. 77090). Paralarvae and juveniles are epipelagic to upper mesopelagic, then undergo ontogenetic descent into the lower mesopelagic, bathypelagic and bathyal zones. Adults undergo diel vertical migration and ascend into the epipelagic zone at night. Juveniles have been captured at night within 175 m from the surface, while the remains of a large specimen (50 kg) were taken from the stomach of the bottom-living shark, Centroscymnus coelolepis, caught on a bottom-set longline at 1,246 m. A mature female of 1.4 m mantle length had 250,000 ovarian eggs. Observations on bioluminescence from living animals verified a rapid flash response from the arm tip photophores, as a startling or warning function, and a steady glow from the visceral photophores as is common for protective counter illumination. In situ video footage reveals it to be a strong swimmer, both forward and backward, propelled by its huge fins, and changes directions quickly by bending its body. Observed attack on a bait rig showed speeds of 7.2 to 9 km/h and emission of short, bright flashes from its 2 arm-tip photophores before it attacked. It also emits long and short intermittent glows when swimming around the lighted bait rig. Preyed upon by many species of pelagic fishes, including lancetfish (Aleposauris ferox), tunas, swordfish (Xiphias gladius), hammerhead, tiger and blue sharks, as well as odontocete cetaceans: short-finned pilot whale and most especially, sperm whales in all oceans (Ref. 97142).
Life cycle and mating behavior
วัยเจริญพันธุ์ | การสืบพันธุ์ | การวางไข่ | เซลสืบพันธ์ของเพศเมีย(ไข่) | ความดกของไข่ | ตัวอ่อน
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Human uses
การประมง: ผลประโยชน์ที่น่าจะเกิดขึ้น
| FishSource |
เครื่องมือ
ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม
Age/SizeการเจริญเติบโตLength-weightLength-lengthสัณฐานวิทยาตัวอ่อนอุดมสมบรูณ์
แหล่งที่มาจากอินเตอร์เน็ต
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 8.2 - 13.7, mean 10 (based on 18 cells).
Vulnerability
Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
