Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
; пределы глубины 0 - 2275 m (Ref. 775). Temperate; 15°C - 30°C (Ref. 358); 35°N - (Ref. 358)
Indo-West Pacific, North and Central Atlantic, and the Mediterranean. Cosmopolitan. Temperate and subtropical.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 30.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 86591); common length : 1.0 cm самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 358)
Small ones: transparent and iridescent. Large one: pinkish red. Skin is smooth to small ones. Trunk: has no papillae; introvert is covered with triangular "scales" or large white papillae directed posteriorly. Some having 4 lobes - 2 dorsal and 2 ventral. Longitudinal muscle bands (LMBs): thick strong ridges; common 5-15 cm long with 24-34 LMBs. Refractors muscles are separate and attach at the same level, each with a broad base extending over 5 - 7 longitudinal muscle bands. Spindle muscle: attached anterior to the anus. Gut: attached to the body wall by several fixing muscles or connective tissue strands throughout its length; very thin, transparent, and fragile. Nephridia: vary in length; range from 10 to 20% of the trunk length. Nephridiopores: anterior to the anus between the 4th and 5th longitudinal muscle bands. Ventral nerve cord: loosely attached anteriorly with numerous, large, lateral offshoots to the introvert (Ref. 358).
Eulittoral; intertidal and subtidal on mud, rocks, sand, silt and in rock cracks or crevices (Ref. 358 and 1784). Occurs from 12 m (Ref. 358) in the littoral zone to 2275 m (Ref. 775) along continental shelf and slope (Ref. 1456). Predated on by the finfish Diplodus sargus sargus (Ref. 41986).
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Göthel, H. 1992. (Ref. 358)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Статус СИТЕС (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Использование человеком
| FishSource |
инструменты
дополнительная информация
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 5 - 13.9, mean 8.3 (based on 1339 cells).
Уязвимость
Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Категория цены
Unknown.