Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
Pelagis, permukaan; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 800 m (Ref. 275). Tropical; 70°N - 44°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 97142)
Circumglobal in warm and temperate oceanic waters.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 37.0 cm ML jantan/; (Ref. 97142)
Also caught using jigs (Ref. 417) and dip nets (Ref. 275). Medium-sized squid; mantle length up to 300 mm (370 mm only in the northern Pacific Ocean, Nesis 1982, 1987) (Ref. 97142). Oceanic, eurythermal, meso- and epipelagic species that occurs from the surface to 150 m depth and as deep as 4, 000 m. A schooling species frequently observed "flying" above the surface to escape predators in pursuit. Very dense muscular structure and high respiration rates confirm it is a fast-swimming, slow-growing species. Paralarvae are abundant in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, particularly from January to March. Spent females have severely degenerated muscular tissue of head, mantle, fins, as well as missing tentacles, so that they appear almost gelatinous. Prey consists of fishes and squids. Predators include giant red shrimp, fishes, e.g. albacore, yellowfin tuna, lancetfish, swordfish, tiger shark, smooth hammerhead shark, spinner, Frasier’s striped and Risso’s dolphins, toothed whales and fur seals (Ref. 97142).
Males mature earlier than females; synchronous oocyte development with high fecundity, i.e., more or less 200,000 eggs (Ref. 97142).
rujukan utama
Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
status CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: memiliki potensi kepentingan
| FishSource |
Alat, peralatan
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.6 - 23, mean 14.3 (based on 1813 cells).
keancaman
Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
