Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 4), usually 10 - 40 m (Ref. 4). , preferred 15°C (Ref. 107945); 25°S - 47°S, 13°W - 99°E (Ref. 107486)
分布
國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 簡介
Southeast Atlantic, Western and Antarctic Indian Ocean.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 6.3, range 6 - 7.5 cm Max length : 37.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4); 27 cm TL (female); common length : 28.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4); common length :21 cm TL (female)
The total body length of largest specimen ever recorded is 37 cm; and the total body length is 14 to 35.5 cm (male) and 9 to 27 cm (female); and carapace lengths of 6 to 14.5 cm (male) and 4 to 10 cm (female); with an average size of 21 to 28 cm (male) and 19 to 21 cm (female). The specimens from Amsterdam are slightly smaller than those from St Paul Island (Ref. 4). Occurs at depths of 0 to 200 m on rocky or gravel bottom, being most numerous in the kelp zone between 10 and 40 m (Ref. 4). Found clinging to overhangs in deep shade underneath huge rocks; also in caves (Ref. 106858). Confined to oceanic islands and seamounts (Ref. 105202). It is nocturnal and feeds on plants and dead animal matter (Ref. 4). Partially vegetarian (Ref. 105260). Reported to exhibit cannibalism among its deep-water populations (Ref. 105202).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
May exhibit gynandromorphy (Ref. 10623). Egg-laying starts in May, and ovigerous females have been observed until November, or exceptionally early December. Females are caught from May to October, while males dominate in most catches from November to April (Ref. 4).
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: landings | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 5.5 - 15.3, mean 10.2 (based on 4 cells).
回復力
低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06-0.11).
瀕危性
Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
