Panama country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref:
Regulations: no regulations | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Found in mangroves.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Diaz, M.C. and K. Ruetzler, 2009
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Black rope sponge, ... more

Classification / Names / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS

Demospongiae > Poecilosclerida () > Iotrochotidae ()

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 1 - 91 m (Ref. 108813).

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 簡介

Indo-Pacific and Western Atlantic: Caribbean wide.

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 415)

簡短描述型態特徵

Sprawling ramose branches, with spiky surface up to 60 cm long; 1 - 5 cm wide. Black with green patches internally and externally. Oscula 0.1 - 0.3 cm in diameter, on side of branches (Ref. 415). Smaller specimens grows as lobes, runners, massive or encrusting. Surface: covered with conules; mostly or entirely smooth for small specimens. Sometimes greenish-yellow. Tough consistency; resilient and barely compressible. Exudate is dark purplish when squeezed. Oscules are scattered or in a row, slightly raised on small lobes and surrounded by a thin collar (Ref. 85482).

Reef; mangrove; seagrass environments (Ref. 415). On hard substrates, often hosting the zoanthid Parazoanthus swiftii (Ref. 85482). Commensal with amphipods (Ref. 82302).

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

Members of the class Demospongiae are hermaphroditic. Life cycle: The zygote develops into parenchymella larva (free-swimming) before settling down on a substrate where it grows into a young sponge.

主要參考資料參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Collin, R., M.C. Díaz, J. Norenburg, R.M. Rocha, J.A. Sánchez, M. Schulze, A. Schwartz and A. Valdés. 2005. (Ref. 415)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

未評估

CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

人類使用

| FishSource |

工具

E-book | 野外調查

網路資源

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 23.9 - 28.9, mean 27.5 (based on 1216 cells).

瀕危性 (Ref. 71543): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).

價格種類 (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Iotrochota birotulata (Hinggin, 1877)

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 簡介

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

簡短描述型態特徵

生物學特性字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

主要參考資料參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

對人類具威脅

人類使用

工具

更多資訊

網路資源

Estimates based on models

Iotrochota birotulata (Hinggin, 1877)

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 簡介

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

簡短描述 型態特徵

生物學特性 字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

主要參考資料 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

對人類具威脅

人類使用

工具

更多資訊

網路資源

Estimates based on models

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 簡介

簡短描述型態特徵

生物學特性字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

主要參考資料參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者