Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 4), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 4). , preferred 12°C (Ref. 107945); 69°N - 29°N, 28°W - 32°E (Ref. 4)
分布
国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 简介
Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea. Not in east of Crete and in the Baltic Sea.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 8.9, range 8 - 8.3 cm Max length : 65.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 441); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 441); 最大体重: 6.0 kg (Ref. 4); 最大年龄: 72 年 (Ref. 81081)
Common total length: 23 to 50 cm. Occurs on the continental shelf at depths of 0 to 150 m, usually not deeper than 50 m. Found on hard substrates such as rock or hard mud. Nocturnal and territorial living in holes or crevices. Females with eggs are usually found throughout the year. The eggs are laid around July and carried for 10 to 11 months (Ref. 4). Indiscriminate scavengers, omnivorous or carnivorous. Feeds primarily on malacostracan crustaceans, gastropod mollusks, and polychaete annelids; but diet known to include carrion, echinoderms, lamellibranchs and plant matter (Ref. 96319).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Females with eggs are usually found throughout the year. The eggs are laid around July and carried for 10 to 11 months (Ref. 4). Coupling occurs a few days after the female molts (Ref. 80921).
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 养殖: 实验的
FAO - 渔业: landings, 物种外形 | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.7 - 13.3, mean 10.4 (based on 494 cells).
回复力
高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.79-1.0; Fec=13,000).
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
脆弱性
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
