Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 0 - 237 m (Ref. 112705).
Arctic, Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 10.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 75621); 最大年齡: 2.00 年 (Ref. 2823)
Length based on occurrence record; to be replaced with better reference. Maximum depth based on Ref. 117328. Inhabits upper layer of muddy-sandy substrate in sheltered areas (Ref. 2780). Found along the coastal zone, preferentially in fine-grained to muddy sediment (Ref. 7882). Mobile burrowing detritivore (Ref. 95752). Deposit feeders; burrows up to 15 cm below and then everts its papillose sac-like pharynx during feeding (Ref. 87179). It is known as a head-down/subsurface deposit-feeder (Refs. 96214, 96292, 96501).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Polychaeta are mostly gonochoric (sexual). Mating: Females produce a pheromone attracting and signalling the males to shed sperm which in turn stimulates females to shed eggs, this behavior is known as swarming. Gametes are spawned through the metanephridia or body wall rupturing (termed as "epitoky", wherein a pelagic, reproductive individual, "epitoke", is formed from a benthic, nonreproductive individual, "atoke"). After fertilization, most eggs become planktonic; although some are retained in the worm tubes or burrowed in jelly masses attached to the tubes (egg brooders). Life Cycle: Eggs develop into trocophore larva, which later metamorph into juvenile stage (body lengthened), and later develop into adults.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Salazar-Vallejo, S.I. and M.H. Londoño-Mesa. 2004. (Ref. 8159)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
| FishSource |
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.8 - 11.2, mean 5.2 (based on 971 cells).
瀕危性
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
價格種類
Unknown.