Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 2754). , preferred 19°C (Ref. 107945); 50°N - 9°N, 32°W - 36°E (Ref. 99669)
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: North to the Channel Islands, south to Guinea, including Azores, Canary and Cape Verde Islands, and east to the Mediterranean. Introduced in Ireland and Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea in Israel.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 4.9, range 4 - 5.4 cm Max length : 12.3 cm SHL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 99669); common length : 8.0 cm SHL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 438); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 99669)
Collected from the sublittoral zone, from low tide up to a depth of 200 m (Ref. 2754). Offshore (Ref. 438). Collected from the supralittoral and mediolittoral or intertidal zones (Ref. 2754).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Gonochoric; broadcast spawners (males release first before the females). Spawning occurs from spring to late autumn.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Demir, M. 2003. (Ref. 2754)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
FAO - 養殖: 產生; 漁業: landings | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7 - 18.6, mean 10.5 (based on 572 cells).
回復力
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.27-0.4; tm=3; tmax=15).
