Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 半咸淡水. ; 56°N - 44°S, 116°W - 173°E (Ref. 124582)
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 43.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 8812); 最大体重: 290.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.1 cm; tarsus: 2.3 cm; wing: 33.0 cm.
Total Length: 35 to 43 cm; Wingspan: 86 to 103 cm (Ref. 8812). Total population is 55,000 pairs, mostly in Asia, 40,000 pairs. European population of about 6,800 to 160,000 pairs is declining due to loss of habitat (Ref. 84934). Surface seizing; coastal; coastal Islands (Ref. 356). Feeds by dipping to the sea surface with occasional plunge-dives. Breeds colonially in salt marshes, salt works, coastal dunes, islands and freshwater lagoons in southern North America, Caribbean, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia and northern Africa (Ref. 84934). Gull-billed terns are observed to display group adherence. This species has a high nest fidelity in stable habitats, and yet when environmental disasters occur, they retain their mates and settle with the same neighbors at the breeding locality (Ref. 87784).
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Enticott, J. and D. Tipling. 1997. (Ref. 84934)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
Not Evaluated
人类利用
| FishSource |
工具
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 12.1 - 29.1, mean 27.1 (based on 5421 cells).
脆弱性
Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
价格分类
Unknown.
