Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水. ; 83°N - 56°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 124582)
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic, Antarctic and the Arctic. Tropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 22.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 94965)
Found on the beach (Ref. 87921), shoreline, bay and nearshore (Ref. 116102). In small groups at the water's edge during nonbreeding season, following the wave front whilst feeding on small invertebrates. Abundance of wintering populations attributed to major coastal upwellings, correlated to increase in food supply along beaches where they feed. Shorebirds from the North Atlantic typically fly >2000 km, mostly over water, from North America, Greenland, and Iceland, to Britain and continental Europe. Vulnerable to oil spill as a piscivore; saw 50% decline in population from 1989 in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill (Ref. 87784).
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Brooke, M. de L., I. Hepburn and R.J. Travelyan. 2004. (Ref. 87921)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 October 2016
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
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人類使用
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更多資訊
年龄/大小成長長度-重量長度-長度型態特徵仔魚豐度
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 4.2 - 23.2, mean 9.5 (based on 1808 cells).
