| Citation | Cosel, R.V., J. Doerjes and U. Muehlenhardt-Siegel, 1982 The American jackknife clam Ensis directus (Conrad) in the German Bight. 1. Zoogeography and taxonomy in comparison with the native jacknife and razor clams. Senckenbergiana maritima 14:147-173. |
| Ref. | 80347 Cosel, R.V., J. Doerjes and U. Muehlenhardt-Siegel, 1982 |
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| Named Used as Valid | Ensis directus |
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