| 参考书目 | Harms, J., 1993 |
| 生态系 | North Sea |
| 状态 | native |
| 丰度 | |
| 生命期阶段 | adults |
| 地区的资料库 | |
| 附注 | Declining populations around Heligoland from 1984-2002 may be due to continued TBT (a liquid biocide in anti-fouling paint) pollution from ships. Also, population threats related to oil spills such as exposure to heavy metals and dispersants used in clean-ups; and shell collection for the tourist trade (Ref. 88171). |